CONIFERS
REFERENCES
Information from multiple sources has been consolidated and generalized, e.g., one might find trees outside of the specified elevation and geographic limits. Generally elevation decreases as latitude increases. Likewise commonly found height descriptions are given, but trees can grow much larger in favorable situations, and some trees have a shrubby form at high elevations or seacoast. Diameter (DBH), refers to diameter at about 4.5 feet, diameter at breast height.
I have relied extensively on the books and websites listed below.
BOOKS
Arno, S. (1973 ). Discovering Sierra Trees
Farmer, J. (2013). Trees in Paradise
Griffin, J. & Critchfield, W. (1972). The Distribution of Forest Trees in California
Holland, V. & Keil, D. (1995). California Vegetation
Johnston, V. (1994). California Forests and Woodlands: A Natural History
Kauffmann, M. (2012). Conifer Country
(2013). Conifers of the Pacific Slope
Keator, G. “A Grand Tour of Northern California’s Conifers (Part I),” Fremontia, Vol. 14, No. 1, April, 1986
“A Tour of Northern California’s Conifers (Part II),” Fremontia, Vol. 15, No. 4, January, 1988
Lanner, R. (2007). The Bristlecone Book
(1999). Conifers of California
(1996). Made for Each Other: A Symbiosis of Birds and Pines
(1981). The Piñon Pine, A Natural and Cultural History
Muir, J. (1878 & 1881). The Coniferous Forests and Big Trees of the Sierra Nevada
Sawyer, J. (2006). Northwest California: A Natural History
Sudworth, G. (1908, 1967). Forest Trees of the Pacific Slope
Turner, M. & Kuhlmann, E. (2014). Trees and Shrubs of the Pacific Northwest
WEBSITES
Calflora, information on wild California plants for conservation, education, and appreciation
Conifer Country, Natural History of the Klamath Mountain Region
http://www.conifercountry.com/
Northwest Conifers, A Guide to Conifers of the Pacific Northwest
PlantNet, citizen science plant ID
https://plantnet.org/en/about/
The Tree Library, digital platform for teaching and studying trees